Symptoms And Symptoms Of Cushing s Syndrome - 1680 Words

Abstract Cushing’s syndrome is an endocrine disorder resulting from excess levels of cortisol in the blood. The etiology can be exogenous or endogenous, which can be further broken down into adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) dependent and independent. The pathogenesis of Cushing’s syndrome depends on the cause, and generally results in the disruption of the normal functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Cushing’s syndrome is characterized by a variety of signs and symptoms, and treatment varies depending on the etiology. Currently research is being conducted on diagnostic tests for this disorder. Introduction Cushing’s syndrome is an endocrine disorder that is characterized by multiple signs and symptoms resulting†¦show more content†¦Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome results when the high levels of cortisol originate from within the body. The most common causes of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome are adrenal, pituitary or ectopic tumours. These tumours lead to a disruption of the normal functioning of the HPA axis. Exogenous Cushing’s syndrome results when the high levels of cortisol in the blood is a direct result of some factor outside of the body, such as the administration of therapeutic steroids (Bronstein 2011). The endogenous component of Cushing’s syndrome can be further broken down into ACTH dependent and ACTH independent. ACTH-dependent causes account for the majority of cases (80%) (Bronstein 2011). Pituitary adenomas account for 80% of ACTH-dependent causes, with the remaining 20% resulting from ectopic tumours. These ectopic tumours are generally small-cell carcinomas of the lungs, but may also result from endocrine tumours on a variety of organs (Newell-Price et al. 2006). ACTH-independent causes typically result from various tumours on the adrenal glands, resulting in the direct secretion of cortisol into the blood. In extremely rare cases, ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome can be caused by corticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal disease and McCune-Albright syndrome (Newell-Price et al. 2006). Pathogenesis Once a diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome is confirmed, the cause of this syndrome must be determined. Each subsequent cause has

The Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease Essay - 1482 Words

Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative brain disease that is seen in the elderly. It is the most common form of dementia, which is a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life (Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia). Alzheimer’s is one of the leading causes of death in America. Dementia and Alzheimer’s have been around for centuries, but Alzheimer’s disease wasn’t first described until 1906 by Dr. Aloysius Alzheimer. In the past, there was a stigma for elderly people with the disease and people with dementia and Alzheimer’s were seen as a burden on society. Society has only recently accepted and cared for people with the disorder. There are now treatments and research being done for dementia and Alzheimer’s, but no cure remains and many individuals still suffer from the disease. Future treatments for the disease include taking aim at significant aspects of the disease like fi ghting beta-amyloid plaques, recruiting the immune system, reducing brain cell inflammation, and studying the heart-head connection (Alzheimer’s Treatments: What’s on the Horizon?). There are other ways to possibly treat the disease in the future as well. Hopefully from looking at the history of the disease, how the disease affects the brain and body, and future treatments, Alzheimer’s disease and dementia will be a thing of the past. In the past, people with dementia and Alzheimer’s were locked away in institutions or shunned from society (Batsch).Show MoreRelatedThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1421 Words   |  6 Pagesengulfed by a mysterious disease. The neurons being cut off and destroyed by two abnormal structures. First memory is affected gradually getting worse. Then one is unable to think properly, reason, and lacks of self control. Gaps are formed in the brain s ventricles, due to the amount of dead tissue. In the end, it will lead to death. All of this may sound like something from a science fiction movie but infact its very real. These are all known possible symptoms of a common disease that affects aboutRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1677 Words   |  7 Pagesone thing Alzheimer s cannot take away, and that is love. Love is not a memory - it s a feeling that resides in your heart and soul.† (Fade to Blank). The human brain is a remarkably complex organ that processes, stores, and recalls information. â€Å"Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, and perception. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer s disease resultsRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Disease935 Words   |  4 Pageswith Alzheimer’s disease. This disease is commonly found in the elderly. This explains why people assume older people have a bad memory. Alzheimer’s does not occur in a short period of time, it typically takes months to develop. It involves gradual memory loss due to two specific protein fragments that spread to different parts of the brain killing brain cells as they go. As mentioned in the article Alzheimer’s Disease Fact Sheet (2015), Dr. Alois Alzheimer first discovered the disease by noticing somethingRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1304 Words   |  6 Pagesperson knows well, or asking questions continuously can be signs of a more serious problem. It is a disease of the brain that started slowly and gets worse as the time progresses. Alzheimer’s is a progressive destroying of brain tissue that primarily strikes people over the age of 65. Brain functions such as memory, comprehension, and speech deteriorate. The term first introduced by Dr. Alois Alzheimers in 1906. Memory is lost first. As days passes, attention tends to distracted, simple calculationsRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1172 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease is the 6th leading cause of death in America. It kills more than breast cancer and prostate cancer combined. Alzheimer’s accounts for 70-80% of dementia cases. By the age of 65, 1 in 9 people are diagnosed and by the age of 85, 1 in 3 people will have the disease. According to the Alzheimer Association, 5 million people in American have Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer’s starts to form 20 years prior to being diagnosed. Learning about Alzheimer’s can help familiesRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : Disease1759 Words   |  8 Pages Alzheimer’s Disease Madison Lollar Psychology 1030-C62 Volstate Community College Word Count: 1,589 Alzheimer’s Disease: When it comes to Alzheimer’s, I know firsthand how it affects individuals and their families. My great grandfather had Alzheimer’s for many years before his passing late last year, at age 92. Alzheimer’s is a disease that many individuals suffer with each year, but yet with all the advancements in modern medicine we still have no cure for it. There are differentRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe disease stem cells could fix is called Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The reason I chose this topic is because I have seen first hand how badly someone who suffers from Alzheimer’s Disease is affected in their daily lives. This disease completely takes over their lives and they turn into a completely different person who can hardly function. AD is very tough on the loved ones of the person suffering from it because that person, most of the time has no idea what is going on or who their loved onesRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Disease1304 Words   |  6 Pages10, 2015 Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s is a disease in the brain that affects a person’s memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common form of dementia and is common in adults older than 65. More than five million Americans are being affected by Alzheimer’s at this moment. Alzheimer’s comes in three stages; early, middle, and advanced. The disease is caused by the shrinking of the brain due to many risk factors and genetics. Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease are often confused becauseRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease2364 Words   |  10 Pages1. Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is a prominent brain disease that effects a massive amount of individuals in the United States. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for 60-80% of dementia cases, with no chance of being cured, prevented or decelerating over time (Alzheimer’s Association, 2014). AD is the most well-known form of dementia, causing complications in brain function in the areas of memory, thinking, and behavior (Alzheimer’sRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease2246 Words   |  9 PagesINTRODUCTION Alzheimer’s Disease has been one of the top leading causes of death in our country. It is understood that this disease is identified as an excess of the protein amyloid-ß within an increase of plaque (Seneff, Wainwright, and Mascitelli, 2010). Additionally, as the brain ages, it gets used to the inflammation and oxidative stress, so it is important to take the right amount of antioxidant micronutrients like vitamin C and vitamin E as well as anti-inflammatory macronutrients such as

Organizations To Develop A Proper Culture â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Organizations To Develop A Proper Culture? Answer: Introduction: The main challenge which is faced by a large number of healthcare organizations is to develop a proper culture and nurture the culture which will help in ensuring the delivery of continuously improving different factors within the healthcare setting. These factors would mainly involve development of high quality service as well as a safe and compassionate healthcare (Kumar et al. 2013). In such a scenario, effective leadership plays one of the most influential factors in shaping the organizational culture and at the same time also ensuring that the most important leadership behaviors, qualities and strategies are exhibited by the leaders (al-Bushi et al. 2014). The following assignment will depict the positive effects of leaderships in healthcare setting, different issues in leadership and their effective strategies and also different leadership styles. Three main aims of effective leadership: The main aim of leaders would be to ensure direction, alignment as well as commitment within the team members as well as organizations. With the setting up of the directions within the team members, the leaders need to ensure agreement as well as pride among the members of the team so that they can easily develop an understanding about what the organization tries to achieve and help them in being consistent with by the visions, strategies and value of the organizations in healthcare (Laschinger and Fida 2015). By the aim of alignment, it means that effective coordination should be ensured by the leaders within the team members and practice integration within the work. The leaders should also have skills which will help the team members to practice commitment which means everyone in the healthcare setting should take responsibilities as well as make their personal priorities to ensure success of the organization by providing the best quality care to the patients which should be safe a s well as culturally competent (Gopee and Galloway 2017). Advantages of effective leadership in Healthcare services: Leaders with effective leadership skills ensure a safe, high quality as well as compassionate care as a topmost priority. They have to make sure that the voices of the patients are provided importance to at every level. They also make sure that they would build up teams which have skill to attend patient experience, needs, concern s well as feedback (Wong 2015). An efficient leader make sure that he or she can provide a supportive, empathic, available, compassionate, respectful as well as empowering leadership. They set core leadership strategies are to promote participation as well as involvement of the staff members. They not only provide importance to the voice of the patients but also make sure that the voices of the staffs are provided significance as well as their suggestions are also encourages, heard and acted upon across the organization. They also provide support of various kinds to their staffs so that they can undertake innovation within safe boundaries (Wong and Lasching er 2013). They also make sure that everyone of the organization is clear about what they are required to do. Such leaders also provide positive feedback to the staffs on their good service which make them confidant and encourage them to work in a more skilled manner. They also insisted on the maintenance of transparency in various issues like in relation to errors, serious accidents, different problems as well as complaints. They mainly take mistakes of staffs as opportunities for their learning. Moreover they also effectively deal with poor performance issues and also maintain correct strategies which help them to handle aggressive, inappropriate as well as unacceptable behaviors of staffs and patients effectively (Weaver and Rosen 2014). They also introduce new innovative methods which provide the staffs with opportunities that promote continuous development of knowledge, skills and abilities of the staff so that they can improve quality of patient care, compassion, safety and als o patient experience. Such leaders always encourage as well as provide motivation and reward innovation with many new introductions of new and improved ways of working (Lin et al. 2015). Issues faced by leaders and effective leadership strategies: Improper service delivery: Often with the advancement of time, healthcare professionals need to adapt themselves with the current trends of practices and match up their knowledge with the modern technological skills to provide best care to patients. However there are many professionals who do not often develop the knowledge of the modern technologies which hamper the quality of care to patients. Moreover it is also seen that many professionals do not have proper communication skill with other members that affect the all over service delivery of the teams to the patient (Laschinger and Fida 2014). Such patient should be given proper training on the communication development of skills to overcome their challenges. Patient care is a team effort that depends upon the collaboration of doctors, nurses, physical therapists as well as other specialists. In such scenarios it becomes extremely important for the leaders to unify the teams and ensure that every individual are performing their own responsibilities and at the same time also ensuring the skill development of the nurses (Karamitri, Talias and Bellali 2017). Moreover, leaders also help in developing the onset of coordination of the efforts among the team members which not only enhance quality of care but also helps in redistribution of the pressures on the nurses. In altogether, the leaders help to improve the patient safety in organizations. Handling inexperienced nurses: It is often seen that new nurses do not have the proper skills for quick clinical reasoning, priority setting and lack confidence in handling patient. Moreover they also lack confidence in decision making. They often develop complexes in the new setting and proper bonding with other seniors often takes time. They often also face various ethical and legal dilemmas as they are new to the setting and lack experiences to handle such cases efficiently. In such a scenario, they feel their job to be creating more pressure on them. Some of them tend to leave the profession, others face burning out, physical deterioration, mental instability and others (Yoder-wise 2014). In such cases, leaders often have to develop innovative methods so that they can rightly make the professionals develop competency in their care. Often such nurses require continuous monitoring in every of the activities they do for the patient so that the leaders can help them to correct their mistakes in their working techn iques and provide them the knowledge of the correct ways. Moreover, they also need to provide them with professional development classes which help them to overcome the lack of confidence in their work. The leaders have to ensure that they are placed under proper experienced nurses so that they get the right help form their senior registered nurses (Read and Laschinger 2015). The entire procedure requires huge time of the leaders and hence it becomes an issue as leaders often have to perform multitasking in healthcare. However, with positive scheduling and setting priorities and making time table will help the leaders to provide the best service to the organization. Conflict management: The nest issue that often provides a hard time to the leaders is conflict management. It has been seen in many cases that often different types conflicts arise among the staffs in team that hampers effective service delivery. Often poor communication skill result in conflict and as a result of this, blame game results which often become difficult for the leaders to handle. Communication breakdown also result in development of conflicts between members which breaks trusts of the members and they tend to affect the carer of the patients resulting in improper medication administrations, long waiting time of the patients and, any others. Power struggles between different professionals of various ranks may create complexes affecting their mental stability as well as their confidence leading to deceased job satisfaction (McCan, Graves and Cox 2014). In such issues, leaders play a strong role in helping the teams to overcome the barriers through different strategies like team meetings, allo wing each other to only admit each others positive sides, developing communication skills, learning proper methods of delegation, developing monitoring session for the staffs and others. Calling team meetings and encouraging the staff members to speak openly about their concerns as well as the different difficulties they face while working with their mates, allowing proper suggestions, counseling, and advices to overcome such barriers for the well being of patients all will lead to improvement of working relationship and hence better patient care (Reem, Kitsantas Maddox 2014). Lack of motivation due to work stress: The works of healthcare professional are often hectic and full of high levels of stresses. They have to continuously consciously about every patient and have to be always ready on their toes. They have to be alert and have to work all round the clock as they do not have the luxury to choose their work and therefore they have to provide equal care to all patients. Often such long stretches of work, over timings, requirements of extra working hours by the organizations to provide service to high number of patients often become stressful for them. They develop physical disorder like fatigue, back pain, headache and many others which affect their concentration of work. Moreover, they also develop mental disorders like depression, anxiety, sleep disorders and many others. Hence, all these may lead to compromised service delivery which may lead to unintentional errors, aggression in nurses or even lack of enthusiasm to work of their parents. Hence here leaders pay a very important role in making them to stick to their commitments towards patients (Daly et al. 2014). Leader helps their charges to stay on tract and constantly remind them of the commitment towards the duty of patients recoveries. Leaders also provide assistance as well as advice when their staff members face a dilemma or face a complicated case of a patient so that they do not develop the feeling of loneliness or do not feel pressurized of the responsibility of the entire patient on their shoulders- rather they feel that they have companions helping them in their work who are providing them constant support for their dedication. When such leaders express confidence in them and also on their team members providing them feedbacks and encouraging them, got their good work, healthcare staffs feel empowered (Lartey et al. 2014). They feel motivated by the leaders who help them to take upon new initiatives and contribute their best efforts. Moreover leaders should also found new ways through strategies planni ng so that proper work life balance can be established for the staffs by job rotations, flexible shifts, allocating stand-bys for staffs requiring leaves and many others. Often incentive and reward plans are also shown to bring positive outcomes by making them motivated. Improper attitude towards the profession: Even when nurses join the profession with high amount of zeal and enthusiasm, researchers suggest that over the course of time, they tend to lose their flexibilities to match up with their situations and in turn perform activities which do not match with the nursing ideals of healthcare professionals. Many of them tend to lose their compassionate approach and provide more rigid approach due to development of stress and boredom form work which affects patients autonomy and dignity. They tend to develop a burnout and as a result they do not handle many adverse cases with equal amount of grace, empathy and education which they did before (Aarons et al. 2015). They tend to develop a feeling of exhaustion which prevents them from providing the best quality service to the patients. Here, the leaders play a great role in maintaining a positive role model whom the staffs should look upon in their profession. Leaders in such scenario make themselves a role model which inspires the healthcare staffs to meet and exceed their highest expectations. Leaders in such scenario take an active role for themselves where they tend to honor the professions ethical principles, putting the patients needs as the most important part of the professions and treating their colleague with the high amount of respect irrespective of their positions and experiences. In these ways they establish a standard of conduct as well as successfully make themselves a role model for the other staffs to follow and be encouraged. Moreover, when leaders follow the proper leadership styles, it usually becomes more evident that they have to less instruct their team members. Team members automatically get into the flow of work without their leaders instructing them to take their work responsibly as they themselves act as a role model whom they follow in order to accomplish their task and hence become victorious in providing the best quality care to the patients and helps in developing the organizations reputat ions (Laschinger et al. 2015). Different leadership theories and how they impact service provided by team members: Proper management of the healthcare professionals by the leaders helps in modifying the performance of the staff towards betterment which in turn helps in influencing the patient outcomes. Different types of leadership styles are followed over the years by different leaders which have either been appreciated or criticized by researchers over the years. The first one is the transactional leadership where the leaders mainly provide importance to supervisions, organization as well as group performance. These leaders thoroughly monitors the team members works to find faults or other deviations and helps in promoting compliance if the team members by either rewards of punishments. This type of leadership is extremely helpful in crisis and emergency situation ensuring active participation from all staffs. The second type of leadership is called the transformational leadership which is appreciated by researchers all over the world. In this type of leadership, the behaviors of the leaders tr ansform and inspire the members who help them to perform beyond their expectations at the same time of transcending elf interest for the good of the patients and also for the organization (Mintz and Stoller 2014). Such inspirational motivation involves providing a vision of the future to the members and also provides attention to the needs as well as he skills of the workers. The nest form of leadership is the democratic leadership which also is appreciated by many professionals. This style encourages open communication as well as staff participation in decision making. To such leaders developing relationship with the workers is important where they mainly set focus on the improvement of the processes and systems rather than on the mistakes made by the staffs. Just as they hear the voices of the workers making them feel a part of their organization and developing a sense of respect, they also provide efficient feedback to the workers and help them to modify their skills. The nest fo rm of leadership which is not much appreciated and has negative outcomes is the authoraritarian leadership where the leaders make all the decisions without considering any input from the staff. Negative reinforcements and punishments are provided which affect the working styles of staffs. Mistakes are not tolerated and therefore blame is placed in the staff rather than blaming the faulty processes. All theses affect the emotions and feelings of the workers mainly them depressed and therefore they seem to withdraw themselves from the systems. Their development of skills and knowledge are also restricted that affect their career. However this types of leadership show positive outcome in emergency situations where there is little time for discussion. However, they do not result in development of trust and proper communication which is very important for carrying team work effective (Castel et al. 2015). Laissez-faire Leadership is also severely criticized as this type provides little a s well as no direction or supervision of the members and prefers to take hands of approach trusting that all members are capable to take their own responsibilities of their work trusting that they do not need guidance. The negative outcomes are that decisions are not made on time and it gives very few scopes to members to gather knowledge and develop new skills. From the entire discussion it can be concluded that effective leadership has many important t contributions out of which is the proper maintenance of patient safety and ensuring high quality service. They help in developing unity among the team members so that proper communication is ensured along with providing of innovative strategies that help them in developing their skill and knowledge. Different issues may arise like improper patient delivery, inexperienced working nurses concern, conflict in workplace, power struggle, and lack of motivation at workplace, exhaustion and many others. The leaders need to incorporate correct leadership styles and come out with efficient strategies which would handle all the issues and develop a workplace where all the members provide the highest quality service, are happy and are contented. Moreover this would also help to increase the reputation of the organization as well. References: Aarons, G.A., Ehrhart, M.G., Farahnak, L.R. and Hurlburt, M.S., 2015. Leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI): a randomized mixed method pilot study of a leadership and organization development intervention for evidence-based practice implementation.Implementation Science,10(1), p.11. Al-Balushi, S., Sohal, A. S., Singh, P. J., Al Hajri, A., Al Farsi, Y. M., and Al Abri, R. 2014. Readiness factors for lean implementation in healthcare settingsa literature review.Journal of health organization and management,28(2), 135-153. Castel, E. S., Ginsburg, L. R., Zaheer, S., Tamim, H. (2015). Understanding nurses and physicians fear of repercussions for reporting errors: clinician characteristics, organization demographics, or leadership factors?.BMC health services research,15(1), 326. Daly, J., Jackson, D., Mannix, J., Davidson, P. and Hutchinson, M., 2014. The importance of clinical leadership in the hospital setting.Journal of Healthcare Leadership. Gopee, N., and Galloway, J. 2017.Leadership and management in healthcare. Sage. Karamitri, I., Talias, M.A. and Bellali, T., 2017. Knowledge management practices in healthcare settings: a systematic review.The International journal of health planning and management,32(1), pp.4-18. Kumar, R. D. 2013. Leadership in healthcare.Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine,14(1), 39-41. Lartey, S., Cummings, G. and Profetto?McGrath, J., 2014. Interventions that promote retention of experienced registered nurses in health care settings: a systematic review.Journal of nursing management,22(8), pp.1027-1041. Laschinger, H. K. S., and Fida, R. 2015. Linking nurses perceptions of patient care quality to job satisfaction: the role of authentic leadership and empowering professional practice environments.Journal of Nursing Administration,45(5), 276-283. Laschinger, H.K.S. and Fida, R., 2014. A time-lagged analysis of the effect of authentic leadership on workplace bullying, burnout, and occupational turnover intentions.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,23(5), pp.739-753. Laschinger, H.K.S., Borgogni, L., Consiglio, C. and Read, E., 2015. The effects of authentic leadership, six areas of worklife, and occupational coping self-efficacy on new graduate nurses burnout and mental health: A cross-sectional study.International Journal of Nursing Studies,52(6), pp.1080-1089. Lin, P.Y., MacLennan, S., Hunt, N. and Cox, T., 2015. The influences of nursing transformational leadership style on the quality of nurses working lives in Taiwan: a cross-sectional quantitative study.BMC nursing,14(1), p.33. McCann, J.T., Graves, D. and Cox, L., 2014. Servant leadership, employee satisfaction, and organizational performance in rural community hospitals.International journal of Business and management,9(10), p.28. Mintz, L.J. and Stoller, J.K., 2014. A systematic review of physician leadership and emotional intelligence.Journal of graduate medical education,6(1), pp.21-31. Read, E.A. and Laschinger, H.K., 2015. The influence of authentic leadership and empowerment on nurses relational social capital, mental health and job satisfaction over the first year of practice.Journal of Advanced Nursing,71(7), pp.1611-1623. Reem, A. D., Kitsantas, P., Maddox, P. J. (2014). The impact of residency programs on new nurse graduates' clinical decision-making and leadership skills: A systematic review.Nurse Education Today,34(6), 1024-1028. Weaver, S.J., Dy, S.M. and Rosen, M.A., 2014. Team-training in healthcare: a narrative synthesis of the literature.BMJ Qual Saf,23(5), pp.359-372. Wong, C.A. and Laschinger, H.K., 2013. Authentic leadership, performance, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of empowerment.Journal of advanced nursing,69(4), pp.947-959. Wong, C.A., 2015. Connecting nursing leadership and patient outcomes: state of the science.Journal of nursing management,23(3), pp.275-278. Yoder-Wise, P.S., 2014.Leading and Managing in Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.